The presentation is based on a paper published in Agronomy for Sustainable Development by a team of 6 researchers. Since its inception in the 1960s, the concept of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) has aimed, among other things, to rationalise and reduce the use of chemical products against crop pests. Yet 60 years on, the quantity of pesticides used worldwide continues to rise. This presentation looks at the results of 6 decades of IPM. Faced with a concept that now seems outdated, the authors argue in favour of ACP (Agroecological Crop Protection) to meet the current and future challenges facing agriculture, both in the North and the South.