Coffee production systems have resulted in simplified landscapes with fragments of natural and semi-natural vegetation characterised by loss of biodiversity, excessive pesticides, and high pests and disease incidences. Consequently, the resilience of coffee landscapes against climate change impacts is weakened. The present study aimed to understand the role of landscape ecology in a typical smallholder coffee-based landscape in creating suitable ecological conditions for the proliferation of coffee pests, specifically, coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, and the Antestia bugs Antestiopsis thunbergii (ABT) and A. facetoides (ABF) in an important coffee growing zone in central Kenya. Firstly, the study explored satellite images to characterise the smallholder coffee-based landscape and the level of fragmentation in each agro-ecological subzone of the upper midland (UM) agro-ecological zone. Secondly, the study sought to identify the significant spatial scale and landscape structure that influenced the abundance of the three coffee pests, given that CBB had a low dispersal capacity and vice versa for the antestia bugs. Thirdly, the shade and edge effect on microclimate and pest abundance were examined. Finally, the study looked at the impact of limiting temperature rise to below 2^oC under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6 scenario on habitat suitability for growing Arabica coffee.