Plants and their microbiome are constantly influenced by a wide range of signaling molecules. However, the molecular signaling between plants and associated microbes has been mainly studied in individual interactions with symbiotic or pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this work was to study the molecular crosstalk between the signaling pathways activated after the individual and simultaneous perception of rhizobial Nod factors (symbiotic elicitor), chitosan (defense responses elicitor) and surfactin (Induced Systemic Resistance elicitor) in peanut plants. The results obtained reveal a complex scenario of symbiotic and defense pathways activated by the simultaneous perception of different elicitor molecules and contribute to the knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the symbiotic and defense pathways in a non-model legume.