Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is extensively cultivated all over the tropics, being source of carbohydrates for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. In Colombia, the Caribbean region contributes about half of the  National cassava production, despite major socioeconomic constraints such as unequal land property, omnipresence of middlemen, low and unstable prices, armed conflict, climate change and phytosanitary issues. Among the latter, Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), a disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), leads to irreversible damage to plants, impeding growth and productivity. While the countrywide Genetic diversity of the Xpm populations is rather well described, aspects such as local genetic diversity, the impact of farming practices, and the social context on Xpm epidemiology have yet to be determined. In this sense, we will show, through mixed and biocultural approaches common in ethnobiology, the role played by local knowledge, agronomic practices, and other socioeconomic factors on the occurrence and transmission of CBB within a village where cassava is cultivated at a small-scale. Our findings show that (i) the cassava cuttings circulation system strongly impacts the spread and diversity of Xpm, and (ii) there is a strong link between the changes of agricultural practices because of the agrarian policies and the occurrence of CBB. This information can be a key element to improve our understanding of the pathogen population genetic structure and dynamic to improve early detection and sustainable control of CBB in cassava crops.