Soil-borne cyst nematodes are obligatory sedentary parasites that cause severe losses to cultivation of major crops such as potato and soybean. Cyst nematodes establish specialised permanent feeding sites within the roots of their host by manipulating plant morphology and physiology through secreted effectors. We identified several host targets of the SPRYSEC effector GpRbp-1 and studied their roles in plant susceptibility to cyst nematodes, but also plant defence. Where GpRBP-1 is recognized by the potato immune receptor Gpa2, other variants of the SPRYSEC effector family are able to suppress plant immunity by interfering with the NLR network in Solanaceous plant species like potato and tomato. From this, a picture emerges in which co-evolution between cyst nematodes and their hosts contributed to the expansion of the SPRYSEC effector family in potato cyst nematodesSimilarly, spatial distribution of rhizobia was recorded during several phylogeographic studies, including peas and fenugreek cultivated in India. Overall, these studies suggested that, several factors including, plant genotype, agriculture management practices and environment play important role in shaping the phytomicrobiome.